{"The file dataset.xlsx contains structured financial time series data prepared for an event study analysis (ESA) examining market reactions to the onset of the Russia–Ukraine war. The dataset encompasses observations from a diversified selection of asset classes, including: (i) safe-haven assets (gold, silver, platinum, Bitcoin), (ii) energy commodities (Brent crude oil, WTI crude oil, natural gas, coal, EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) allowances), (iii) energy equities (68 stocks from the S&P 1500 classified under the Energy sector), (iv) the S&P 500 index, and (v) energy-related cryptocurrencies (Electrify.Asia, Energy Web Token, Grid+, Power Ledger, SunContract, Efforce, and WePower). For abnormal return estimation, each asset group is matched with an appropriate benchmark index in accordance with ESA methodology: the Dow Jones Precious Metals Index (for gold, silver, and platinum), the CMC Crypto 200 Index (for Bitcoin and energy-related cryptocurrencies), the S&P GSCI Index (for energy commodities), the S&P 500 Index (for energy equities), and the MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI) for the general market. Event date is set to February 24, 2022, marking the outbreak of the full-scale military invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. The estimation window comprises 252 daily price observations ending on December 31, 2021 (inclusive). The event window extends from t = –30 to t = +30 relative to the event date. The dataset is formatted to facilitate empirical testing of market efficiency, price sensitivity to geopolitical shocks, and asset class-specific abnormal return dynamics."}
