In-situ mineral, bulk sulfide-sulfate, S- and Pb isotope, and whole rock major and chalcophile element data from the submarine Niuatahi hydrothermal system, Lau basin, Tonga rear-arc

The samples used in this study were recovered from active hydrothermal venting at the seafloor at the Niuatahi caldera, Lau basin, Tonga rear-arc, observed during research cruise SO263. The dataset was collected in order to define the magmatic and hydrothermal processes leading to spatially selective trace element enrichment within submarine caldera-hosted black smoker systems. The in-situ data was measured by electron probe micro analyzer and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry. The sulfur- and Pb isotope composition of hydrothermal sulfide separates were analysed by a Flash EA IsoLink elemental analyzer interfaced to a ThermoScientific Delta V Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer and a a Thermo-Fisher Neptune Plus multicollector inductively coupled mass spectrometer, respectively. Bulk sulfide-sulfate composition was determined by an Agilent 735 inductively coupled mass spectrometer, inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy and instrumental neutron activation analysis. The whole rock/glass major and chalcophile element contents were measured by a Spectro XEPOS He-x-ray fluorescences spectrometer, a JEOL JXA-8200 Superprobe electron probe micro analyzer, a Thermo Fisher Scientific X-Series 2 quadrupole inductively coupled mass spectrometer, and a PSA Millenium Excalibur 10.055 continuous flow hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometer. All analyses except the bulk sulfide-sulfate and S isotope measurements were carried out at the GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University, Germany, which were measured at Activation Labs in Ontario, Canada, and the Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany, respectively. The dataset gives a detailed insight into the magmatic and hydrothermal evolution and processes controlling seafloor black-smoker-style mineralization.