Bacterial and archaeal community composition along transects from neritic to pelagic waters within the Canary Current upwelling system (2010 and 2011)

Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUSs) are among the most productive marine environments in the world. The Canary Current upwelling system off the coast of Mauritania and Morocco is the second most productive of the four EBUS, where nutrient rich waters fuel perennial phytoplankton blooms, evident by high chlorophyll a concentrations off Cape Blanc, Mauritania. High primary production leads to eutrophic waters in the surface layers, while sinking phytoplankton debris and horizontally dispersed particles form nepheloid layers (NLs) and an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at depth. We used Catalized Reporter Deposition Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH) in combination with fatty acid ( measured as methyl ester; FAME) profiles to investigate the bacterial and archaeal community composition along transects from neritic to pelagic waters within the "giant Cape Blanc filament" in two consecutive years (2010 and 2011), and to evaluate the usage of FAME data for microbial community studies. We also report the first fatty acid profile of Pelagibacterales strain HTCC7211 which was used as a reference profile for the SAR11clade. Unexpectedly, we found low concentrations of long chain fatty acids 18:1 cis11, 18:1 cis11 11methyl, and 19:0 cyclo11-12 fatty acids, the main compounds in other Alphaproteobacteria. Members of the free-living SAR11 clade were found at increased relative abundance in the dysoxic zone of the OMZ in both years. In contrast, the depth profiles of Gammaproteobacteria (including Alteromonas and Pseudoalteromonas), Bacteroidetes, Roseobacter, and Synechococcus showed high abundances of these groups in layers where particle abundance was high, suggesting that particle attachment or association is an important mechanisms of dispersal for these groups. Collectively, our results highlight the influence of NLs, horizontal particle transport, and OMZs on the structure and dispersal of microbial communities in upwelling systems.