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  "author": "Lyons, K.",
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  "author": "Lyons, K.",
            
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  "author_email": "",
            
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  "citation": [],
            
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  "creator_user_id": "17755db4-395a-4b3b-ac09-e8e3484ca700",
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  "creator_user_id": "17755db4-395a-4b3b-ac09-e8e3484ca700",
            
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  "doi": "10.35097/1486",
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  "doi": "10.35097/1486",
            
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  "doi_date_published": "2023",
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  "doi_date_published": "2023",
            
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  "doi_publisher": "",
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  "doi_publisher": "",
            
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  "doi_status": "True",
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  "doi_status": "True",
            
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  "extra_authors": [
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  "extra_authors": [
            
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    {
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    {
            
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      "extra_author": "Hooker, P.",
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      "extra_author": "Hooker, P.",
            
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      "familyName": "Hooker",
            
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      "givenName": "P.",
            
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      "orcid": ""
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      "orcid": ""
            
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  "familyName": "Lyons",
            
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  "givenName": "K.",
            
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  "license_id": "CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike",
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  "license_id": "CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike",
            
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  "license_title": "CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike",
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  "license_title": "CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike",
            
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  "metadata_created": "2023-08-04T08:50:53.359007",
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  "metadata_created": "2023-08-04T08:50:53.359007",
            
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  "metadata_modified": "2023-08-04T09:31:26.017897",
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  "metadata_modified": "2024-11-28T13:15:36.023116",
            
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  "name": "rdr-doi-10-35097-1486",
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  "name": "rdr-doi-10-35097-1486",
            
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  "notes": "Abstract: Work package four of the PRESLHY project focuses 
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  "notes": "Abstract: Work package four of the PRESLHY project focuses 
            
24
on ignition phenomena. This report\r\nsummarises the experimental 
29
on ignition phenomena. This report\r\nsummarises the experimental 
            
25
series E4.3, which focuses on the propensity for an 
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series E4.3, which focuses on the propensity for an 
            
26
electrostatic\r\ncharge capable of igniting a hydrogen cloud to be 
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electrostatic\r\ncharge capable of igniting a hydrogen cloud to be 
            
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generated during a release, or accidental spill\r\nscenario. Seven 
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generated during a release, or accidental spill\r\nscenario. Seven 
            
28
experiments measuring the electric field of a multiphase hydrogen jet 
33
experiments measuring the electric field of a multiphase hydrogen jet 
            
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were\r\nconducted at the HSE Science and Research Centre. Current 
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were\r\nconducted at the HSE Science and Research Centre. Current 
            
30
measurements on an electrically\r\nisolated section of steel pipework 
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measurements on an electrically\r\nisolated section of steel pipework 
            
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were also taken during a total of 30 large scale releases.\r\nThe 
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were also taken during a total of 30 large scale releases.\r\nThe 
            
32
results from the plume measurements indicate that the multiphase 
37
results from the plume measurements indicate that the multiphase 
            
33
hydrogen jet itself does\r\nnot create a significant charge, but 
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hydrogen jet itself does\r\nnot create a significant charge, but 
            
34
certain interactions with the air can cause intermittent spikes\r\nin 
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certain interactions with the air can cause intermittent spikes\r\nin 
            
35
field strength. In particular, air in the pipework being ejected and 
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field strength. In particular, air in the pipework being ejected and 
            
36
solidified air forming\r\naround the release point, breaking off and 
41
solidified air forming\r\naround the release point, breaking off and 
            
37
flowing downstream appear to be the cause of the\r\nelectrical fields 
42
flowing downstream appear to be the cause of the\r\nelectrical fields 
            
38
measured in these experiments. This effect could be larger with 
43
measured in these experiments. This effect could be larger with 
            
39
different initial\r\nconditions either at the nozzle or in the 
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different initial\r\nconditions either at the nozzle or in the 
            
40
tanker.\r\nThe wall current measurements were more consistent, as the 
45
tanker.\r\nThe wall current measurements were more consistent, as the 
            
41
ability for LH 2 to induce a current\r\non a section of electrically 
46
ability for LH 2 to induce a current\r\non a section of electrically 
            
42
insulated pipework was clearly demonstrated. This charge is 
47
insulated pipework was clearly demonstrated. This charge is 
            
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a\r\ncomplicated function of the phase of LH 2 in the pipework, the 
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a\r\ncomplicated function of the phase of LH 2 in the pipework, the 
            
44
turbulence of the flow, and the\r\nresistance to ground of the section 
49
turbulence of the flow, and the\r\nresistance to ground of the section 
            
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of the pipework. Frost formation on the outside of the\r\npipework 
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of the pipework. Frost formation on the outside of the\r\npipework 
            
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dynamically changed the resistance to ground throughout each trial, 
51
dynamically changed the resistance to ground throughout each trial, 
            
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making\r\ninterrogation of the results difficult.\r\nThe experiments 
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making\r\ninterrogation of the results difficult.\r\nThe experiments 
            
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show that electrostatic charges do pose a credible hazard when 
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show that electrostatic charges do pose a credible hazard when 
            
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considering\r\nLH 2 facilities. The charging, however, does not form 
54
considering\r\nLH 2 facilities. The charging, however, does not form 
            
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inside the hydrogen, but on the\r\nsubstances or objects that the 
55
inside the hydrogen, but on the\r\nsubstances or objects that the 
            
51
hydrogen interacts with. For a fixed facility, 
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hydrogen interacts with. For a fixed facility, 
            
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maintaining\r\ncontinuity to earth, paying attention to objects in the 
57
maintaining\r\ncontinuity to earth, paying attention to objects in the 
            
53
potential path of a release, would limit the\r\nlikelihood of 
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potential path of a release, would limit the\r\nlikelihood of 
            
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electrostatic charging and therefore limit the 
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electrostatic charging and therefore limit the 
            
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hazard.\r\nTechnicalRemarks: files consists of data from following 
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hazard.\r\nTechnicalRemarks: files consists of data from following 
            
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sensors, obtained during experiments:\r\n    \u2022 rugged field meter 
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sensors, obtained during experiments:\r\n    \u2022 rugged field meter 
            
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IDB systems I\r\n    \u2022 static field meter IDB systems\r\n    
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IDB systems I\r\n    \u2022 static field meter IDB systems\r\n    
            
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\u2022 electrometer\r\n    \u2022 resistance meter station\r\n    
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\u2022 electrometer\r\n    \u2022 resistance meter station\r\n    
            
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\u2022 pipework thermocouples T\r\n    \u2022 pressure  sensor\r\n    
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\u2022 pipework thermocouples T\r\n    \u2022 pressure  sensor\r\n    
            
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\u2022 mass flow sensor \r\n    \u2022 near\u2010field weather station 
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\u2022 mass flow sensor \r\n    \u2022 near\u2010field weather station 
            
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\r\n    \u2022 far\u2010field wind sensor \r\n    \u2022 
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\r\n    \u2022 far\u2010field wind sensor \r\n    \u2022 
            
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far\u2010field humidity sensor",
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far\u2010field humidity sensor",
            
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      "name": "release",
            
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      "state": "active",
192
      "state": "active",
            
188
      "vocabulary_id": null
193
      "vocabulary_id": null
            
189
    },
194
    },
            
190
    {
195
    {
            
191
      "display_name": "research data repository",
196
      "display_name": "research data repository",
            
192
      "id": "4326f963-fb69-4733-bad7-7fc87634656d",
197
      "id": "4326f963-fb69-4733-bad7-7fc87634656d",
            
193
      "name": "research data repository",
198
      "name": "research data repository",
            
194
      "state": "active",
199
      "state": "active",
            
195
      "vocabulary_id": null
200
      "vocabulary_id": null
            
196
    }
201
    }
            
197
  ],
202
  ],
            
198
  "title": "Electrostatic ignition (summary of experiment series e4.3 
203
  "title": "Electrostatic ignition (summary of experiment series e4.3 
            
199
results)",
204
results)",
            
200
  "type": "vdataset",
205
  "type": "vdataset",
            
201
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.35097/1486"
206
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.35097/1486"
            
202
}
207
}