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{
            
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  "author": "Lyons, K.",
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  "author": "Lyons, K.",
            
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  "author_email": "",
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  "author_email": "",
            
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  "creator_user_id": "17755db4-395a-4b3b-ac09-e8e3484ca700",
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  "creator_user_id": "17755db4-395a-4b3b-ac09-e8e3484ca700",
            
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  "doi": "10.35097/1486",
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  "doi": "10.35097/1486",
            
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  "doi_date_published": "2023",
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  "doi_date_published": "2023",
            
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  "doi_publisher": "",
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  "doi_publisher": "",
            
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  "doi_status": "True",
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  "doi_status": "True",
            
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  "extra_authors": [
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  "extra_authors": [
            
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    {
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    {
            
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      "extra_author": "Hooker, P.",
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      "extra_author": "Hooker, P.",
            
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      "orcid": ""
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      "orcid": ""
            
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    }
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    }
            
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  "license_id": "CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike",
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  "license_id": "CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike",
            
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  "license_title": "CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike",
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  "license_title": "CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike",
            
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  "metadata_created": "2023-08-04T08:50:53.359007",
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  "metadata_created": "2023-08-04T08:50:53.359007",
            
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  "metadata_modified": "2023-08-04T08:52:06.487889",
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  "metadata_modified": "2023-08-04T08:53:39.613938",
            
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  "name": "rdr-doi-10-35097-1486",
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  "name": "rdr-doi-10-35097-1486",
            
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  "notes": "Abstract: Work package four of the PRESLHY project focuses 
23
  "notes": "Abstract: Work package four of the PRESLHY project focuses 
            
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on ignition phenomena. This report\r\nsummarises the experimental 
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on ignition phenomena. This report\r\nsummarises the experimental 
            
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series E4.3, which focuses on the propensity for an 
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series E4.3, which focuses on the propensity for an 
            
26
electrostatic\r\ncharge capable of igniting a hydrogen cloud to be 
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electrostatic\r\ncharge capable of igniting a hydrogen cloud to be 
            
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generated during a release, or accidental spill\r\nscenario. Seven 
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generated during a release, or accidental spill\r\nscenario. Seven 
            
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experiments measuring the electric field of a multiphase hydrogen jet 
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experiments measuring the electric field of a multiphase hydrogen jet 
            
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were\r\nconducted at the HSE Science and Research Centre. Current 
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were\r\nconducted at the HSE Science and Research Centre. Current 
            
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measurements on an electrically\r\nisolated section of steel pipework 
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measurements on an electrically\r\nisolated section of steel pipework 
            
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were also taken during a total of 30 large scale releases.\r\nThe 
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were also taken during a total of 30 large scale releases.\r\nThe 
            
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results from the plume measurements indicate that the multiphase 
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results from the plume measurements indicate that the multiphase 
            
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hydrogen jet itself does\r\nnot create a significant charge, but 
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hydrogen jet itself does\r\nnot create a significant charge, but 
            
34
certain interactions with the air can cause intermittent spikes\r\nin 
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certain interactions with the air can cause intermittent spikes\r\nin 
            
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field strength. In particular, air in the pipework being ejected and 
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field strength. In particular, air in the pipework being ejected and 
            
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solidified air forming\r\naround the release point, breaking off and 
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solidified air forming\r\naround the release point, breaking off and 
            
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flowing downstream appear to be the cause of the\r\nelectrical fields 
37
flowing downstream appear to be the cause of the\r\nelectrical fields 
            
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measured in these experiments. This effect could be larger with 
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measured in these experiments. This effect could be larger with 
            
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different initial\r\nconditions either at the nozzle or in the 
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different initial\r\nconditions either at the nozzle or in the 
            
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tanker.\r\nThe wall current measurements were more consistent, as the 
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tanker.\r\nThe wall current measurements were more consistent, as the 
            
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ability for LH 2 to induce a current\r\non a section of electrically 
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ability for LH 2 to induce a current\r\non a section of electrically 
            
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insulated pipework was clearly demonstrated. This charge is 
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insulated pipework was clearly demonstrated. This charge is 
            
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a\r\ncomplicated function of the phase of LH 2 in the pipework, the 
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a\r\ncomplicated function of the phase of LH 2 in the pipework, the 
            
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turbulence of the flow, and the\r\nresistance to ground of the section 
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turbulence of the flow, and the\r\nresistance to ground of the section 
            
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of the pipework. Frost formation on the outside of the\r\npipework 
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of the pipework. Frost formation on the outside of the\r\npipework 
            
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dynamically changed the resistance to ground throughout each trial, 
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dynamically changed the resistance to ground throughout each trial, 
            
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making\r\ninterrogation of the results difficult.\r\nThe experiments 
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making\r\ninterrogation of the results difficult.\r\nThe experiments 
            
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show that electrostatic charges do pose a credible hazard when 
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show that electrostatic charges do pose a credible hazard when 
            
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considering\r\nLH 2 facilities. The charging, however, does not form 
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considering\r\nLH 2 facilities. The charging, however, does not form 
            
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inside the hydrogen, but on the\r\nsubstances or objects that the 
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inside the hydrogen, but on the\r\nsubstances or objects that the 
            
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hydrogen interacts with. For a fixed facility, 
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hydrogen interacts with. For a fixed facility, 
            
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maintaining\r\ncontinuity to earth, paying attention to objects in the 
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maintaining\r\ncontinuity to earth, paying attention to objects in the 
            
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potential path of a release, would limit the\r\nlikelihood of 
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potential path of a release, would limit the\r\nlikelihood of 
            
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electrostatic charging and therefore limit the 
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electrostatic charging and therefore limit the 
            
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hazard.\r\nTechnicalRemarks: files consists of data from following 
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hazard.\r\nTechnicalRemarks: files consists of data from following 
            
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sensors, obtained during experiments:\r\n    \u2022 rugged field meter 
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sensors, obtained during experiments:\r\n    \u2022 rugged field meter 
            
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IDB systems I\r\n    \u2022 static field meter IDB systems\r\n    
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IDB systems I\r\n    \u2022 static field meter IDB systems\r\n    
            
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\u2022 electrometer\r\n    \u2022 resistance meter station\r\n    
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\u2022 electrometer\r\n    \u2022 resistance meter station\r\n    
            
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\u2022 pipework thermocouples T\r\n    \u2022 pressure  sensor\r\n    
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\u2022 pipework thermocouples T\r\n    \u2022 pressure  sensor\r\n    
            
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\u2022 mass flow sensor \r\n    \u2022 near\u2010field weather station 
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\u2022 mass flow sensor \r\n    \u2022 near\u2010field weather station 
            
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\r\n    \u2022 far\u2010field wind sensor \r\n    \u2022 
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\r\n    \u2022 far\u2010field wind sensor \r\n    \u2022 
            
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far\u2010field humidity sensor",
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far\u2010field humidity sensor",
            
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      "display_name": "research data repository",
191
      "display_name": "research data repository",
            
192
      "id": "4326f963-fb69-4733-bad7-7fc87634656d",
192
      "id": "4326f963-fb69-4733-bad7-7fc87634656d",
            
193
      "name": "research data repository",
193
      "name": "research data repository",
            
194
      "state": "active",
194
      "state": "active",
            
195
      "vocabulary_id": null
195
      "vocabulary_id": null
            
196
    }
196
    }
            
197
  ],
197
  ],
            
198
  "title": "Electrostatic ignition (summary of experiment series e4.3 
198
  "title": "Electrostatic ignition (summary of experiment series e4.3 
            
199
results)",
199
results)",
            
200
  "type": "vdataset",
200
  "type": "vdataset",
            
201
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.35097/1486"
201
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.35097/1486"
            
202
}
202
}