Planktonic foraminifera surface sediment samples, radiocarbon dates and sediment proxies of sediment core AU_Geo02_GC20, western South Atlantic Ocean

Micropaleontological analyses from the western South Atlantic core AU_Geo02_GC20 (45° 55' S - 58°30' W, 2589 m water depth) revealed changes in the primary productivity and sea surface temperature (SST) during MIS 3 that point to significant changes in the Brazil Malvinas Confluence Zone dynamics. These changes led to a marked increase in the SST and the primary productivity between 44.0 - 36.1 ka BP, as indicated by the quantitative reconstruction of the subsurface temperature, and the high relative abundance of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides and other planktonic-based index, such as the eutrophic index. The increase in the SST and the primary productivity could be related to frequent or more persistent southward penetration of subtropical waters over the north Patagonian margin due to a southward extension of the Brazil Current and a weakening of the Malvinas Current. The high primary productivity led to intensive use of phosphate during spring. Conversely, benthic assemblages do not reflect high surface productivity. The dominance of coccolithophorids over diatoms as primary producers, which allows inferring the shoaling of the nutricline and the thermocline, justifies the decoupling between planktonic and benthic communities as a consequence of reduced efficiency of the biological pump. The deposition of the calcareous muddy contourite facies during the period of enhanced primary productivity indicates a slowing down of the bottom circulation, probably due to a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.