Daily acoustic presence of Antarctic blue whales within a 10 km radius of mooring AWI227-11, recorder SV0002, based on passive acoustic recordings in the Weddell Sea from December 2010 to August 2011

Acoustic presence data on Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) were obtained from passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data collected at 59°03.02' S and 00°06.63' W, mooring AWI227-11, recorder SV0002, between December 2010 and August 2011. The passive acoustic recorder was of type Sono.Vault (manufactured by develogic GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) and attached to oceanographic deep-sea mooring AWI227-11 of the Hybrid Antarctic Float Observation System (HAFOS). It was deployed from December 2010 to December 2012, moored at a depth of 1007 m and recorded continuously at a sample rate of 5.333 Hz. After recovery, the passive acoustic data were prepared for further analysis following the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for PAM data collected by the Ocean Acoustics Group of AWI according to Thomisch et al. (2023a, regarding definitions and terminology) and Thomisch et al. (2023b, with regard to data preparation procedures). Daily acoustic presence of Antarctic blue whales was assessed based on automated detections of Z-call vocalizations by spectrogram cross-correlation using a pre-defined spectrogram template in a frequency band from 17.5 to 29 Hz. Received levels were obtained for each detected Z-call, as sound pressure level SPLrms [dB re: 1μPa] within the 25–29 Hz band of each detected Z-call event, for details on automated detection please refer to Thomisch et al. (2016). To avoid a spatial mismatch between the actual position of calling animals and the recorders, ABW detections were filtered to only keep detections that originated from within a ~10 km radius from the recorders. Assuming a source level of 189 dB re: 1μPa over 25–29 Hz and a spherical transmission loss TL[dB] = 20log₁₀(r), approximate distances between vocalizing Antarctic blue whales and the respective recording site locations were estimated for each detected Z-call. Daily acoustic presences were estimated as days with at least one detection event within a ~10 km radius of the respective recording sites; i.e., Z-calls with calculated received levels of ≥109 dB, considering a nominal TL of 80 dB. Data presented in this publication series were used together in presence-only species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the year-round habitat suitability of Antarctic blue whales in the Weddell Sea (El-Gabbas et al., under review). Data contain information on the detection time and the estimated received level SPLrms [dB re: 1μPa] for each Antarctic blue whale vocalization within a ~10 km radius of recorder SV0002, mooring site AWI227-11.