Continuous measurements in soil and air at the permafrost long-term observatory at Samoylov Station (2002 et seq)

Understanding permafrost processes and changes requires long-term observational datasets. This dataset is a continuation of the dataset available from the long-term observational site Samoylov, located in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (72.37°N, 126.48°E). The location is characterized by a cold, dry tundra climate with mean annual air temperature of -11.7°C (using years with complete data between 1998 and 2017). The mean monthly temperatures over this period varied between 9.4°C in the warmest month (July) and -31.7°C in the coldest month (February). The average summer rainfall (June-October) was 145.2 mm. This dataset adds recent years to the observations of meteorological parameters, energy balance, and subsurface observations which have been recorded since 1998. The instrumentation, calibration, processing and data quality control is explained in Boike et al. (2019). The data provide observations of temporally variable parameters that mitigate energy fluxes between permafrost and atmosphere. The meteorological observations include snow depth, snow temperature, liquid precipitation, water level, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure and radiation fluxes. The below ground sensors measure ground heat flux, active layer and permafrost temperature, soil volumetric water content, relative permittivity, and soil bulk electrical conductivity. Those variables were measured at various depths and beneath different microtopographic features (a polygon center, a rim, a slope, and a trough), representing landscape heterogeneity. The data also include observations of active layer depth twice per month in summer at 150 points on a regular grid. The observations are suitable for use in integrating, calibrating and testing permafrost as a component in Earth System Models. The resulting quality-controlled dataset is unique in the Arctic and serves as a baseline for future studies.