Age model, halogens and dust influx proxies and chironomids principal coordinates analysis of sediment core PEX19-01 from Lake Peixão (Serra da Estrela, Portugal)

Serra da Estrela is a Portuguese mountain range of the western and moister sector of the Iberian Central Range that has the highest point in mainland Portugal, with an elevation of 1993 m above sea level (asl). This is a key region to explore the Last Glacial termination in the Atlantic region of Iberia and reconstruct past environmental and climatic conditions. One of the very few pro-glacial lakes in Serra da Estrela is Lake Peixão (drilling place 40.343044; -7.605371; 1677 m asl). The lake has an area of 0.02 km2, with a maximum water depth of ca. 5 m. Lake Peixão is oligotrophic, slightly acidic, and monomictic. In June 2019 (2019-06-10T00:00:00; 2019-06-14T00:00:00), during the campaign "Serra da Estrela Coring" (PEX19), the long core (PEX19-01; 8.63-m-long) was recovered at ca. 4 m depth, using a UWITEC© piston coring system from a floating platform, and the short one (PEX15-01C; 1.23 m long), using a UWITEC gravity coring system. The Bayesian age-depth model data was developed using the Bacon v. 2.3 5.7 software for R (Blaauw and Christen et al., 2018), and applied the most updated Intcal20 curve for calibration of the radiocarbon dates (Reimer et al., 2020). The age-depth model included 16 AMS 14C dates and 210Pb-137CS measurements, covering the last 14.7±0.32 cal. Ka BP. In November 2020, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was obtained using a DeltaV Advantage mass spectrometer, a Conflo IV interphase, and a Flash IRMS EA IsoLink CNS elemental analyser (Thermo Scientific). In March 2022, halogens (Br and Cl), Fe, Ca, Ti, and Nb were obtained by using a non-destructive AVAATECH X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Core Scanner. Chironomid analysis was based on Brooks et al. (2007) and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO) was performed on a resemblance matrix of Bray-Curtis distances (Anderson et al., 2008). The dataset presents the age-depth modelled data and the 95% confidence interval limits, the Br/TOC and Cl/TOC ratios (used as oceanic influx proxies), the Fe/Ca, Ti/Ca, and Nb/Ca ratios (used as dust proxies), and the chironomids Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO2) temperature related.