The stable isotope records for the late-Holocene is based on stalagmite VECA collected in Caripe Cave, located in northeastern Venezuela, adjacent to Cariaco Basin. The ẟ18O record was interpreted as a proxy for the proximity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to our study sites, and the ẟ13C record as a proxy for vegetation changes, as discussed in the paper 'Atlantic ITCZ variability during the Holocene based on high-resolution speleothem isotope records from northern Venezuela' (Medina et al., 2023). The ẟ18O and ẟ13C analyses were performed at the Stable Isotope Laboratory at the Institute of Geoscience of the University of São Paulo (Brazil) using a Thermo-Finnigan Delta Plus Advantage mass spectrometer. ẟ-notation in per mil units (‰) was used to express the sample isotopic ratios deviation from the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) standard. Approximately 200 μg of CaCO3-powder subsamples for ẟ18O and ẟ13C stable isotopic analyses were collected using a manually controlled Sherline 5400 milling at a resolution of 0.5 mm. The ẟ18O and ẟ13C isotopic profiles of VECA are based on 670 samples. The geochronology was established by means of the U/Th dating method, using a multicollector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS-Thermo-Finnigan NEPTUNE) at the Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University (China). The sampling for U/Th dating was performed by extracting ~0.100 g of powdered carbonate with a handheld drill of the least porous and colored, most traceable layers along or at the side of each speleothem growth axis. A total of 25 U/Th ages were used to construct the age model for VECA, yielding a mean temporal stable isotope sampling resolution of 1.5 years. Some age reversals along the stalagmites were flagged as outliers using Bayesian statistics, and consequently removed from the age models. For other age inversions, an iterative procedure was applied to increase the range of uncertainty to fulfill the monotonicity criterion (Scholz and Hoffmann, 2011).
