Seawater carbonate chemistry and Pseudo-nitzschia australis growth and toxicity

To gain a better understanding of what drives Pseudo-nitzschia australis growth and toxicity during upwelling and marine heatwave events, multiple-driver scenario or 'cluster' experiments were conducted using temperature, pCO2, and nutrient levels reflecting conditions during upwelling (13 ◦C, 900 ppm pCO2, replete nutrients) and two intensities of marine heatwaves (19 ◦C or 20.5 ◦C, 250 ppm pCO2, reduced macronutrients). We also conducted single-driver experiments to gain a mechanistic understanding of which drivers most impact P. australis growth and toxicity.